Newtonian physics highlighted the scientific and mathematical patterns in the natural world, which inspired certain intellectuals to attempt to apply the logic and reason found in the natural world to the society of Europe. The Enlightenment also coincided with a scientific revolution that saw Isaac Newton’s rise to prominence. Some of these texts include d’Alembert and Diderot’s Encyclopédie and Voltaire’s Dictionnaire philosophique as well as Letters on the English. Increased literacy as well as the availability of non-religious texts aided in the spread of new ideals and belief systems. Literacyĭuring The Enlightenment, much of Europe experienced an increase in the availability and, subsequently, the publishing of texts that covered philosophical concepts rather than theological concepts. This time period is earmarked by an increase in literacy, scientific breakthroughs, and a willingness to challenge the long-standing institutions of European society, namely the Catholic Church. With that in mind, read through this AP® European History crash course on the Age of Enlightenment understanding that this time period was pivotal in the development of modern thought.Īs previously stated, The Enlightenment took place from the 1650s through the 1780s throughout Europe. Perhaps the best way to unpack and examine the information presented here about this time period is to understand the great German Philosopher Immanuel Kant’s interpretation of The Enlightenment: this time period was about obtaining the freedom to exercise your own intelligence. Continue reading for an AP® European History review of the Enlightenment! The Enlightenment: what is it? This AP® European History crash course on The Enlightenment will cover the core concept, explore the purpose of this age in European history, and review eventualities in which you might encounter The Enlightenment on the AP® Euro test. The Age of Enlightenment is characterized by social, economic, and political advancement of thought through reason, science, and an increase in literate skill. The Enlightenment, otherwise known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason, took place from the 1650s through the 1780s. In order to see what is still in the Course and Exam Description, explore the course framework here. His goal was to end all revolutions.Note: This article was released prior to the 2015-2016 revision to the AP® European History exam. Everything he did reaffirmed the power of monarchies and sought to prevent any more uprisings. He sought to reestablish the old societal order and put all the monarchs Napoleon had overthrown back in power. Metternich was an Austria prince who was sent as Austria’s representative in the Congress of Vienna. Conservatism aslo aiimed to increase again the legitimacy of religious authorities. □ Remember: The adherence to the concept of conservatism was important for monarchs to re-establish control over Europe and more easily suppress any movements for change. They all believed in the old ways of doing things. The greatest champions of conservatism were Klemens von Metternich, Edmund Burke, and Joseph de Maistre during this time. Strengthen German & Italian states / Stop Russia Peace in Europe / Control German & Italian states Strengthen Countries around France - Make sure France doesn’t go crazy again □□ Restoration of the Balance of Power - Make sure all nations are equal in power □□ Principle of Legitimacy - removed by Napoleon? Monarchs are back in power □ It was comprised of the Great Powers of Europe, which would lead to an almost 100-year peace in Europe, and resulted in three significant policies. The Congress of Vienna, led by Metternich, sought to restore the old political order of Europe. As much as Napoleon was a dictatorial conqueror, his ideas were not half bad to the people of the states he conquered it seemed. □️ĭetermined not to let this happen again, the Congress of Vienna was held to deal with the political mess Napoleon left in Europe and other pressing issues like what to do with Poland. With the impending defeat and exile of Napoleon, Europe had one more problem to add on to all their inhumane industrial problems. His eventual defeat at Waterloo signified the end of his radical ideology and Napoleonic Codes… or did it? The Congress of Vienna & Concert of Europe He took over countries like Spain, most of Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, and Egypt, but his grip couldn’t hold due to the sheer size of his continental empire. At the same time as the First Industrial Revolution was Napoleon’s conquering of Europe.
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